Analyzing Audience Interaction and Evaluating Its Influence on Social Media Mental Health Disclosures
February 14, 2022
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The Journal of Business Research aims to publish research that is rigorous, relevant, and potentially impactful. Recognizing the intricate relationships between the many areas of business activity, JBR examines a wide variety of business decision contexts, processes and activities, developing insights that are meaningful for theory, practice, and/or society at large. Its research is intended to generate meaningful debates in academia and practice, that are thought provoking and have the potential to make a difference to conceptual thinking and/or practice. Published for a broad range of stakeholders, including scholars, researchers, executives, and policy makers, the Journal aids the application of its research to practical situations and theoretical findings to the reality of the business world as well as to society.
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University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Jonkoping University Jonkoping International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden
Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
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James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States
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Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Wayne State – Mike Ilitch School of Business, Detroit, Michigan, United States
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
EBS Business School, Oestrich-Winkel, Germany
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, South
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Wright State University Raj Soin College of Business, Dayton, Ohio, United States
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
IÉSEG School of Management, Lille, France
Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Stony Brook University College of Business, Stony Brook, New York, United States
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
New York Institute of Technology – Manhattan Campus, New York, New York, United States
University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
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LMU Munich, München, Germany
IE University, Madrid, Spain
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
EDHEC Business School, Roubaix, France
Nanyang Technological University Division of Banking and Finance, Singapore, Singapore
Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Utah State University Jon M Huntsman School of Business, Logan, Utah, United States
Wilfrid Laurier University Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
George Mason University Donald G Costello College of Business, Fairfax, Virginia, United States
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
Penn State Erie The Behrend College Black School of Business, Erie, Pennsylvania, United States
Leeds University Business School, Leeds, United Kingdom
Singapore Management University Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore, Singapore
University of Galway J E Cairnes School of Business and Economics, Galway, Ireland
Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
IE Business School, Madrid, Spain
Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
ALBA Graduate Business School, Athens, Greece
Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
Kean University School of Management and Marketing, Union, New Jersey, United States of America
University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
University of Mississippi School of Business Administration, University, Mississippi, United States
Menlo College, Atherton, California, United States
Halmstad University School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad, Sweden
IÉSEG School of Management, Lille, France
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
University of Leicester School of Business, Leicester, United Kingdom
Maastricht University School of Business and Economics, Maastricht, Netherlands
University of Southern Denmark Department of Entrepreneurship and Relationship Management, Kolding, Denmark
Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States
University of Bergamo Department of Information Management Engineering and Production Engineering, Dalmine, Italy
John Cabot University, Roma, Italy
The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
University of Udine, Udine, Italy
The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
Hong Kong Baptist University School of Business Department of Management, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Hanken School of Economics, HELSINKI, Finland
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
American Marketing Association, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Leeds University Business School, Leeds, United Kingdom
Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
Saarland University, Faculty of Human and Business Sciences, Saarbrücken, Germany
Cardiff University Business School, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Queen’s University Smith School of Business, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
Lulea University of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research Group, Luleå, Sweden
The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
ESSEC Business School, Cergy Pontoise, France
Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China
Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas, United States
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States
Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management, Beijing, China
Audencia Business School Department of Marketing, Nantes, France
University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
The Chinese University of Hong Kong Business School, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ESSEC Business School, Cergy Pontoise, France
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Cardiff University Business School, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Bundeswehr University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
The Universtity of Melbourne Melbourne Business School, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
Georgia State University J Mack Robinson College of Business, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Instituto Centroamericano de Administracion de Empresas Alajuela Campus, La Garita, Costa Rica
University of Gothenburg School of Business Economics and Law, Gothenburg, Sweden
RMIT University School of Management, Melbourne, Australia
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, South
Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
Hongik University College of Business Management, Sejong, Korea, Republic of
The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States
University of Akron College of Business Administration, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Molde University College Faculty of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Molde, Norway
The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
The University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
MICA, Ahmedabad, India
University of North Texas G Brint Ryan College of Business, Denton, Texas, United States of America
The University of Hong Kong Faculty of Business and Economics, Hong Kong
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States
Texas A&M University Mays Business School, College Station, Texas, United States
Curtin University School of Management and Marketing, Perth, Australia
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
University of Glasgow Adam Smith Business School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
National University of Singapore Business School, Singapore, Singapore
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, United States
Peking University, Beijing, China
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley – Edinburg Campus, Edinburg, Texas, United States
Macquarie University Department of Management, Macquarie Park, Australia
The University of Newcastle Newcastle Business School, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
Wayne State – Mike Ilitch School of Business, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Management, Wuhan, China
East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
Keio University Graduate School of Business Administration, Yokohama, Japan
University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
University of Arkansas Bookstore, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington, United States
Babson College, Babson Park, Massachusetts, United States
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
Arizona State University Thunderbird School of Global Management, Glendale, Arizona, United States
University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States of America
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
American University in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Hanken School of Economics, HELSINKI, Finland
SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milano, Italy
EDHEC Business School, Roubaix, France
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
KU University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
Hanken School of Economics, HELSINKI, Finland
University College Cork Business School, Cork, Ireland
Uiversity of Strathclyde Business School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
The University of Newcastle Newcastle Business School, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
Zhejiang University International Business School, Zhejiang, China
UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States
Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States
University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea, South
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
University of Rome “Link Campus”, Naples, Italy
University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Durham University Business School, Durham, United Kingdom
Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
University of Reading Henley Business School, Reading, United Kingdom
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
University of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
University of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
Indiana State University Donald W Scott College of Business, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States
University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States
University of the Basque Country – Bizkaia Campus, Leioa, Spain
McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States
Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Santa Clara University Department of Marketing, Santa Clara, California, United States
Peking University, Beijing, China
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
University of California Riverside School of Business, Riverside, California, United States
University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
LUMSA University, Roma, Italy
North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas, United States
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
University of Oulu, OULU, Finland
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France
Hunan University, Changsha, China
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Korea, Republic of
Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Penn State Erie The Behrend College Black School of Business, Erie, Pennsylvania, United States
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, United States
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States
Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States
Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
McMaster University DeGroote School of Business, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, United States
University of St Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States
Paris, France
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
ESSEC Business School, Cergy Pontoise, France
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
Leeds University Business School, Leeds, United Kingdom
The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
LMU Munich, München, Germany
University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States
The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences, Pforzheim, Germany
ESCP Business School – Madrid Campus, Madrid, Spain
Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, United States
Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
The University of Texas System, Austin, Texas, United States
New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
University of Hawai’i at Manoa School of Travel Industry Management, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States
The University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
ESSEC Business School, Cergy Pontoise, France
Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia, United States
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States
West Virginia University John Chambers College of Business and Economics, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States
The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
SKEMA Business School France, Lille, France
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien, Austria
Towson University, Towson, Maryland, United States
Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
University of St Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
University of Münster, Münster, Germany
VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
EBS University of Business and Law, Wiesbaden, Germany
University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, United States
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States
RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, United States
Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani – Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
University College London, London, United Kingdom
Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States
Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States
Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States
Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois, United States
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien, Austria
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, United States
Kedge Business School – Bordeaux Campus, Talence, France
Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, United Kingdom
University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, United States
Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States
SKEMA Business School France, Lille, France
The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
IAE Paris Sorbonne Business School, Paris, France
University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
NEOMA Business School, Mont St Aignan, France
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
IÉSEG School of Management, Lille, France
BI Norwegian Business School Department of Marketing, Oslo, Norway
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
Whitworth University, Spokane, Washington, United States
SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, United States
University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
Grenoble School of Management, Grenoble, France
California State University, USA
University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
The University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States
Rutgers University Camden School of Business, Camden, New Jersey, United States
Central Queensland University – Melbourne Campus, Melbourne, Australia
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas, United States
The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Gary W Rollins College of Business, Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States
Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, California, United States
University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina, United States
SKEMA Business School France, Lille, France
Queen Mary University of London School of Business and Management, London, United Kingdom
Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
Central Washington University – Des Moines Campus, Des Moines, Washington, United States
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
Baruch College, New York, New York, United States
University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
IE Business School, Madrid, Spain
ESSEC Business School, Cergy Pontoise, France
Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, United States
The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Aalto University School of Business, Aalto, Finland
Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
The Pennsylvania State University School of Hospitality Management, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
ESCP Business School – Madrid Campus, Madrid, Spain
Adolfo Ibanez University, Penalolen, Chile
VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
emlyon business school – Paris Campus, Paris, France
ESCP Business School, Paris, France
Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
Emory University Goizueta Business School, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
University of York, York, United Kingdom
University of the Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
University College Dublin Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School, Dublin, Ireland
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
ICN Business School, Nancy, France
ESSEC Business School, Cergy Pontoise, France
NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, United States
IE Business School, Madrid, Spain
The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
CUNEF University, Madrid, Spain
University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
Comillas Pontifical University ICAI School of Engineering, Madrid, Spain
University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
The University of Queensland Business School, St Lucia, Australia
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Vackar College of Business & Entrepreneurship, Edinburg, Texas, United States
Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
Menlo College, Atherton, California, United States
University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
University of Orléans, Orleans, France
University of Bergamo Department of Information Management Engineering and Production Engineering, Dalmine, Italy
University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
Polytechnic of Milan School of Management, Milano, Italy
National University of Kaohsiung Department of Asia Pacific Industrial and Business Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
University of Zagreb Faculty of Economics and Business, Zagreb, Croatia
University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
University of Leicester School of Business, Leicester, United Kingdom
University of Beira Interior Department of Management and Economics, Covilha, Portugal
University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States
University of Alicante, Alacant, Spain
University of Catania, Catania, Italy
University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Jonkoping University Jonkoping International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden
The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
EBS Business School, Oestrich-Winkel, Germany
University of Glasgow Adam Smith Business School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Leeds University Business School, Leeds, United Kingdom
Stuttgart Media University, Stuttgart, Germany
The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Polytechnic University of Milan, Milano, Italy
The University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi, United States
University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
Universität Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
Universidad de Murcia Faculty of Economics and Business, Murcia, Spain
The University of Tennessee System, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
La Trobe University La Trobe Business School, Melbourne, Australia
University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
Macquarie Business School, North Ryde, Australia
University of Manitoba Asper School of Business, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
University of Vaasa, VAASA, Finland
University of London, London, United Kingdom
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Hanken School of Economics, HELSINKI, Finland
Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
IE University, Madrid, Spain
Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
University of Colorado Denver Business School, Denver, Colorado, United States
University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Dongguk University, Jung-gu, Korea, South
The University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
Modul University Vienna GmbH, Wien, Austria
University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, United States
MICA, Ahmedabad, India
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States
Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Korea, South
Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, United States
University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States
Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Durham University Business School, Durham, United Kingdom
Maastricht University Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, Maastricht, Netherlands
Cardiff University Business School, Cardiff, United Kingdom
University of Reading Henley Business School – Greenlands Campus, Henley-On-Thames, United Kingdom
Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
King’s College London King’s Business School, London, United Kingdom
University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
SUNY Polytechnic Institute – Albany Campus, Albany, New York, United States
University of Passau, Passau, Germany
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States
LUISS Guido Carli University, Rome, Italy
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
Leeds University Business School, Leeds, United Kingdom
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
University of Sussex Business School, Brighton, United Kingdom
TBS Education, Toulouse, France
University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, United States
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York, United States
Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Massey University Business School, Auckland, New Zealand
Peking University, Beijing, China
TBS Education, Toulouse, France
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
University of East Anglia, Norwich Business School, Norfolk, United Kingdom
University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
ESSCA School of Management, Lyon, France
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
IE Business School, Madrid, Spain
LUISS University, Roma, Italy
MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States
Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
The University of Alabama in Huntsville College of Business, Huntsville, Alabama, United States
Keele University Keele Business School, Newcastle, United Kingdom
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
University of Glasgow Adam Smith Business School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Massey University School of Communication Journalism and Marketing, Albany, New Zealand
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
EM Normandie Business School – Oxford Campus, Paris, France
University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
ESSEC Business School, Cergy Pontoise, France
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
The University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi, United States
Cardiff Business School, Cardiff, United Kingdom
University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
University of Paris, Paris, France
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, United States
The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
Indian Institute of Management Mumbai, Mumbai, India
Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
Rennes School of Business France, Rennes, France
University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
Bond University School of Business, Gold Coast, Australia
Sands Research Inc., El Paso, Texas, United States of America
The University of Auckland Department of Marketing, Auckland, New Zealand
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Great Lakes Institute of Management, Manamai Village, India
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble Institute of Technology, Grenoble, France
Texas A&M University Department of Management, College Station, Texas, United States
ESCP Business School, Paris, France
The University of Alabama Culverhouse College of Business, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
The University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi, United States
The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
HEC Montréal Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
UNC Greensboro Bryan School of Business and Economics, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States
University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Babson College, Babson Park, Massachusetts, United States
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
The University of Manchester Alliance Manchester Business School, Manchester, United Kingdom
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, India
The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States
Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Babson College, Babson Park, Massachusetts, United States
University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States
Babson College, Babson Park, Massachusetts, United States
The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
City University of Macau, Macao, China
University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida, United States
Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California, United States
Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, United States
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
University of Bristol Business School, Bristol, United Kingdom
Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
The University of Texas at Dallas Naveen Jindal School of Management, Richardson, Texas, United States
Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States
University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas, United States
University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
University of Arkansas Bookstore, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
Baruch College, New York, New York, United States
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
State Univeristy of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo State, New York, United States
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States
BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, India
The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Western University Ivey Business School, London, Ontario, Canada
The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, India
Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States
Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States
Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, United States
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, United States
The University of Texas at Arlington College of Business, Arlington, Texas, United States
WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management, Vallendar, Germany
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
High Commercial Studies of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
Towson University, Towson, Maryland, United States
Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States
Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
Insper, SAO PAULO, Brazil
High Commercial Studies of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
University of Turku, Turku, Finland
The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
NEOMA Business School, Mont St Aignan, France
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States
University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
The University of Melbourne Department of Management and Marketing, Melbourne, Australia
Maastricht University School of Business and Economics, Maastricht, Netherlands
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
High Commercial Studies of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Catholic University of Louvain Louvain School of Management, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
Kedge Business School – Bordeaux Campus, Talence, France
Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
Delft University of Technology Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States
Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
The University of Tennessee System, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
University of Surrey Business School, Guildford, United Kingdom
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Hanken School of Economics, HELSINKI, Finland
Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Aalto University School of Business, Aalto, Finland
TU Braunschweig University, Braunschweig, Germany
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
High Commercial Studies of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
University of Groningen Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Aalto University School of Business, Aalto, Finland
The University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi, United States
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States
Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
IÉSEG School of Management, Lille, France
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
University of Arkansas Bookstore, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States
University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Scientific style
Citation
Reference citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets. Some examples:
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To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals.
Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section entitled “Compliance with Ethical Standards” when submitting a paper:
Please note that standards could vary slightly per journal dependent on their peer review policies (i.e. single or double blind peer review) as well as per journal subject discipline. Before submitting your article check the instructions following this section carefully.
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The Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned guidelines.
Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work (conducting the research and preparing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgments of potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation received for consultancy work is inappropriate.
Editorial Board Members and Editors are required to declare any competing interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having previously published with one or more of the authors, and sharing the same institution as one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the author list we recommend they declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted manuscript. If they are an author or have any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review. These submissions are subject to the exact same review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are welcome to submit papers to the journal. These submissions are not given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial consideration.
Interests that should be considered and disclosed but are not limited to the following:
Funding: Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number) and/or research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.
Employment: Recent (while engaged in the research project), present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).
Financial interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be affected by publication of this manuscript.
It is difficult to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, any such figure is necessarily arbitrary, so one possible practical guideline is the following: “Any undeclared financial interest that could embarrass the author were it to become publicly known after the work was published.”
Non-financial interests: In addition, authors are requested to disclose interests that go beyond financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication such as professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs (amongst others). Examples include, but are not limited to: position on editorial board, advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships; writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring relations; and so forth.
Primary research articles require a disclosure statement. Review articles present an expert synthesis of evidence and may be treated as an authoritative work on a subject. Review articles therefore require a disclosure statement. Other article types such as editorials, book reviews, comments (amongst others) may, dependent on their content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type requires a disclosure statement, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.
Please note that, in addition to the above requirements, funding information (given that funding is a potential competing interest (as mentioned above)) needs to be disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review system. This information will automatically be added to the Record of CrossMark, however it is not added to the manuscript itself. Under ‘summary of requirements’ (see below) funding information should be included in the ‘Declarations’ section.
Summary of requirements
The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Funding’ and/or ‘Competing interests’. Other declarations include Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Material and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.
Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.
When all authors have the same (or no) conflicts and/or funding it is sufficient to use one blanket statement.
Examples of statements to be used when funding has been received:
Examples of statements to be used when there is no funding:
Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:
Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.
Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation as member of the board of directors.
Non-financial interests: none.
Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N and Company O.
Examples of statements to be used when authors have nothing to declare:
Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.
Ethics approval
When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).
Retrospective ethics approval
If a study has not been granted ethics committee approval prior to commencing, retrospective ethics approval usually cannot be obtained and it may not be possible to consider the manuscript for peer review. The decision on whether to proceed to peer review in such cases is at the Editor’s discretion.
Ethics approval for retrospective studies
Although retrospective studies are conducted on already available data or biological material (for which formal consent may not be needed or is difficult to obtain) ethics approval may be required dependent on the law and the national ethical guidelines of a country. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their country.
Ethics approval for case studies
Case reports require ethics approval. Most institutions will have specific policies on this subject. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their institution and seek ethics approval where needed. Authors should be aware to secure informed consent from the individual (or parent or guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable)
Cell lines
If human cells are used, authors must declare in the manuscript: what cell lines were used by describing the source of the cell line, including when and from where it was obtained, whether the cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. If cells were bought from a life science company the following need to be given in the manuscript: name of company (that provided the cells), cell type, number of cell line, and batch of cells.
It is recommended that authors check the NCBI database for misidentification and contamination of human cell lines. This step will alert authors to possible problems with the cell line and may save considerable time and effort.
Further information is available from the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC).
Authors should include a statement that confirms that an institutional or independent ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) approved the study and that informed consent was obtained from the donor or next of kin.
Research Resource Identifiers (RRID)
Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) are persistent unique identifiers (effectively similar to a DOI) for research resources. This journal encourages authors to adopt RRIDs when reporting key biological resources (antibodies, cell lines, model organisms and tools) in their manuscripts.
Examples:
Organism: Filip1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi RRID:MMRRC_055641-UCD
Cell Line: RST307 cell line RRID:CVCL_C321
Antibody: Luciferase antibody DSHB Cat# LUC-3, RRID:AB_2722109
Plasmid: mRuby3 plasmid RRID:Addgene_104005
Software: ImageJ Version 1.2.4 RRID:SCR_003070
Clinical Trial Registration
The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of a clinical trial is “any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes”. The WHO defines health interventions as “A health intervention is an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, improve, maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health conditions” and a health-related outcome is generally defined as a change in the health of a person or population as a result of an intervention.
To ensure the integrity of the reporting of patient-centered trials, authors must register prospective clinical trials (phase II to IV trials) in suitable publicly available repositories. For example www.clinicaltrials.gov or any of the primary registries that participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.
The trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.
For clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, authors are encouraged to register retrospectively to ensure the complete publication of all results. The trial registration number (TRN), date of registration and the words ‘retrospectively registered’ should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.
Standards of reporting
SCI Index advocates complete and transparent reporting of biomedical and biological research and research with biological applications. Authors are recommended to adhere to the minimum reporting guidelines hosted by the EQUATOR Network when preparing their manuscript.
Exact requirements may vary depending on the journal; please refer to the journal’s Instructions for Authors.
Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:
Randomised trials (CONSORT) and Study protocols (SPIRIT)
Observational studies (STROBE)
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)
Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)
Case reports (CARE)
Clinical practice guidelines (AGREE) and (RIGHT)
Qualitative research (SRQR) and (COREQ)
Animal pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)
Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)
Economic evaluations (CHEERS)
Summary of requirements
The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Ethics approval’.
Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.
Examples of statements to be used when ethics approval has been obtained:
Examples of statements to be used for a retrospective study:
Examples of statements to be used when no ethical approval is required/exemption granted:
Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.
All individuals have individual rights that are not to be infringed. Individual participants in studies have, for example, the right to decide what happens to the (identifiable) personal data gathered, to what they have said during a study or an interview, as well as to any photograph that was taken. This is especially true concerning images of vulnerable people (e.g. minors, patients, refugees, etc) or the use of images in sensitive contexts. In many instances authors will need to secure written consent before including images.
Identifying details (names, dates of birth, identity numbers, biometrical characteristics (such as facial features, fingerprint, writing style, voice pattern, DNA or other distinguishing characteristic) and other information) of the participants that were studied should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic profiles unless the information is essential for scholarly purposes and the participant (or parent/guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable or legal representative) gave written informed consent for publication. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve in some cases. Detailed descriptions of individual participants, whether of their whole bodies or of body sections, may lead to disclosure of their identity. Under certain circumstances consent is not required as long as information is anonymized and the submission does not include images that may identify the person.
Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort meaning.
Exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent:
Consent and already available data and/or biologic material
Regardless of whether material is collected from living or dead patients, they (family or guardian if the deceased has not made a pre-mortem decision) must have given prior written consent. The aspect of confidentiality as well as any wishes from the deceased should be respected.
Data protection, confidentiality and privacy
When biological material is donated for or data is generated as part of a research project authors should ensure, as part of the informed consent procedure, that the participants are made aware what kind of (personal) data will be processed, how it will be used and for what purpose. In case of data acquired via a biobank/biorepository, it is possible they apply a broad consent which allows research participants to consent to a broad range of uses of their data and samples which is regarded by research ethics committees as specific enough to be considered “informed”. However, authors should always check the specific biobank/biorepository policies or any other type of data provider policies (in case of non-bio research) to be sure that this is the case.
Consent to Participate
For all research involving human subjects, freely-given, informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear in the manuscript. In the case of articles describing human transplantation studies, authors must include a statement declaring that no organs/tissues were obtained from prisoners and must also name the institution(s)/clinic(s)/department(s) via which organs/tissues were obtained. For manuscripts reporting studies involving vulnerable groups where there is the potential for coercion or where consent may not have been fully informed, extra care will be taken by the editor and may be referred to the SCI Index Research Integrity Group.
Consent to Publish
Individuals may consent to participate in a study, but object to having their data published in a journal article. Authors should make sure to also seek consent from individuals to publish their data prior to submitting their paper to a journal. This is in particular applicable to case studies.
Summary of requirements
The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Consent to participate’ and/or ‘Consent to publish’. Other declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.
Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.
Sample statements for “Consent to participate”:
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.
Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.
Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.
Sample statements for “Consent to publish”:
The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.
The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.
Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.
Sample statements if identifying information about participants is available in the article:
Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this article.
Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.
Images will be removed from publication if authors have not obtained informed consent or the paper may be removed and replaced with a notice explaining the reason for removal.
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Benefits:
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*) Within the first three years of publication.SCI Index hybrid journal OA impact analysis, 2018.
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Open Choice articles do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In opting for open access, the author(s) agree to publish the article under a Creative Commons license. Details of the OA licences offered to authors can be found on the individual journal website, in the journal’s How to publish with us guide.
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発表に備えて、論文を改善するにはどうすればよいでしょうか？
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17 days
Time to first decision
161 days
Review time
200 days
Submission to acceptance
22 days
Acceptance to publication
aims & scope
The Journal of Business Research aims to publish research that is rigorous, relevant, and potentially impactful. Recognizing the intricate relationships between the many areas of business activity, JBR examines a wide variety of business decision contexts, processes and activities, developing insights that are meaningful for theory, practice, and/or society at large. Its research is intended to generate meaningful debates in academia and practice, that are thought provoking and have the potential to make a difference to conceptual thinking and/or practice. Published for a broad range of stakeholders, including scholars, researchers, executives, and policy makers, the Journal aids the application of its research to practical situations and theoretical findings to the reality of the business world as well as to society.
The Journal has defined its scope by focusing on disciplinary tracks, each managed by dedicated experts:
Advertising and Marketing Communications: Stacey Robinson
Big Data & Business Analytics: Junhong Chu
Business-to-Business Marketing: Nikolaos Panagopoulos
Consumer Behavior & Wellbeing: Dipayan Biswas
Corporate Social Responsibility & Business Ethics: Nikolaos Panagopoulos
Entrepreneurship: Lucia Naldi
Innovation & Technology: Mirella Kleijnen
Interactive Marketing & Social Media: Junhong Chu
International Business: Lucia Naldi
Marketing: Stacey Robinson
Organizational Behavior & HRM: Ted Paterson
Retailing and Multichannel Management: Stacey Robinson
Sales Research: Nikolaos Panagopoulos
Service Research: Mirella Kleijnen
Strategic Management: Mariano Heyden
Beyond these tracks, JBR regularly highlights important emerging topics in its special issues.
